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 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Alemannic German on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Alemannic German in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ? ?, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swabian, Low Alemannic, High Alemannic and Highest Alemannic German pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Notes:
- No Alemannic dialect uses all of the sounds described in this guide.
- Each example word is tagged with the name of the dialect from which it comes.
- The majority of the example words are from the Zurich dialect.
- Most Alemannic dialects are not written very often, and thus do not have official spellings. For the sake of consistency, this guide uses the Swiss German spelling convention proposed by Dieth & Schmid-Cadalbert (1986).[1]
See Bernese German phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of one of the Alemannic dialects.
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Notes
[edit]- ^ Cited in Fleischer & Schmid (2006:251)
- ^ a b c d e f g h Some scholars choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents with the symbols ?p, t, k, x, s, ??, rather than ?b?, d?, ɡ?, ??, v?, z?, ???. In that case, the fortis obstruents are transcribed ?p?, t?, k?, x?, s?, ??? or ?pp, tt, kk, xx, ss, ???, rather than ?p, t, k, x, s, ??. Here, we choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents as ?b?, d?, ɡ?, ??, v?, z?, ???, whereas the fortis obstruents are transcribed ?p, t, k, x, s, ??. Long fortis obstruents or geminates occur in most of Switzerland except for the extreme Northeast, Wallis, and the Grisons–St. Gall Rhine valley.
- ^ If pronounced different from yew, cf. yew–hew merger.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The dorsal obstruents /kx, x, ??/ are realized as velar [kx, x, ??] or uvular [qχ, χ, ??], depending on the dialect.
- ^ a b c The aspirated consonants [p?, t?, k?] occur in borrowings from Standard German (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, an aspirated [k?] is also present in native words.
- ^ a b c d e The /r/ phoneme can be pronounced as an alveolar trill [r] or an alveolar tap [?] (with both being transcribed with ?r? in this guide for the sake of simplicity),, a uvular trill [?], a voiced uvular fricative or approximant [?], a voiceless lenis uvular fricative [??]. Some dialects (e.g. Zurich German) use all six realizations (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244)).
- ^ In Swabian German, /r/ is realized as a uvular approximant [??] in syllable onset, but as a pharyngeal approximant [??] in other positions (Markus Hiller. "Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality" (PDF). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.). For simplicity, we transcribe these sounds as, respectively, [?] and [?].
- ^ In Bernese German, /l/ in the syllable coda is realized as [w].
- ^ In Bernese German, the geminate /l?/ is realized as [w?].
- ^ a b c d e f The open vowels /a, a?/ can be front or central (with both sets transcribed as [a, a?] for simplicity), back unrounded [ɑ, ɑ?] or back rounded [?, ??], depending on the dialect.
- ^ The schwa /?/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.
- ^ In Basel German and in the dialect of Markgr?flerland, /u?/ is fronted to [??].
- ^ These dialects include Received Pronunciation and most forms of English English (with some exceptions such as Yorkshire English), Australian, New Zealand, Scottish, Ulster, Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger California English. Other dialects, such as Northern American, New York City, New England, Welsh and Republic of Ireland English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dauwalder, Hans (1992), Wie mma s seid und cha schriiben. Eine haslideutsche Kurzgrammatik, Meiringen: Gemeinnütziger Verein
- Dieth, Eugen; Schmid-Cadalbert, Christian (1986), Schwyzertütschi Dial?ktschrift. Dieth-Schreibung (2nd ed.), Aarau: Sauerl?nder
- Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan (2006), "Zurich German" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
- Hotzenk?cherle, Rudolf, ed. (1962–1997), Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, Bern: Francke
- Werlen, Iwar (1977), Lautstrukturen des Dialekts von Brig im schweizerischen Kanton Wallis, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner
- Marti, Werner (1985), Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5